The Four 2050 Goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF)
The KM-GBF outlines a vision for a world living in harmony with nature by 2050. To achieve this, it sets out four overarching goals to be achieved by 2050. Each of the 23 Targets are tied with the four goals.
GOAL A: Protect and Restore
The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050;
Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels;
The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.
[1] From a gender perspective, to achieve Goal A requires recognising the knowledge and roles that women, especially from Indigenous and Local Communities, play in ecosystem management. Women’s involvement in biodiversity conservation is key to ensuring that these efforts are sustainable and inclusive. Gender-sensitive biodiversity conservation approaches and policies must recognize the disproportionate impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss on women. These policies must be rooted in human rights based approach, which supports women’s leadership and participation in decision-making processes.
Source [1]: United Nations Environment Programme. (n.d.). Why gender is important for biodiversity conservation. UNEP. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/why-gender-important-biodiversity-conservation
GOAL B: Prosper with Nature
Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.
[2] From a gender perspective, to achieve Goal B requires the need to include women in the fair and equitable sharing of biodiversity benefits. Women play a critical role in conserving biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of their families and communities. However, their contributions are often overlooked, and they frequently lack opportunities to participate meaningfully in decision-making processes related to environmental policies and development projects. Women from Indigenous and Local Communities often depend on biodiversity for livelihoods, food security, and health.
Source [2]: Brendan, T. and Aguilar, L. (2007). Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Equity in AS Governance. IUCN: Costa Rica. pp.101. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/9536_LibroABS.pdf
GOAL C: Share Benefits Fairly
The monetary and non-monetary benefits from the utilization of genetic resources and digital sequence information on genetic resources, and of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, as applicable, are shared fairly and equitably, including, as appropriate with indigenous peoples and local communities, and substantially increased by 2050, while ensuring traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is appropriately protected, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, in accordance with internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments.
[3] From a gender perspective, to achieve Goal C requires acknowledging the different needs of women and men. They have different but complementary roles to play in biodiversity conservation. Despite women being some of the main producers of world’s staple crops, gender biases lead policy makers to perceive farmers as being primarily men, which creates hurdles for women to gain equal access to land and technology. Gender-responsive budgeting and financial policies should ensure that women, especially from Indigenous and Local Communities, have equitable access to financial resources for biodiversity conservation efforts.
Sources [3]:
GOAL D: Invest and Collaborate
Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing country Parties, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for biodiversity.
[4] From a gender perspective, to achieve Goal D requires the inclusion of women in governance and decision-making processes. Women’s traditional knowledge, particularly in biodiversity management, needs to be recognised and incorporated into mainstream conservation efforts. However, it should not be assumed that women are inherently better environmental stewards than men. Women’s abilities and opportunities for sustainable biodiversity management vary significantly on cultural, social, and economic contexts. This is also where disaggregated data can play a vital role to analyse the unique challenges faced by both women and men. Finally, it does not take away from the fact that women’s contributions are still frequently undervalued or only linked with domestic scenarios.
Source [4]: Picot, L., Sisto, I. & Furst, M. 2023. Engaging women and men equally in managing biodiversity. Guidelines to address gender equality in policies and projects related to biodiversity. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc4257en
